目前大多數使用的尋路算法有哪些？
目前市面上大部分遊戲的尋路算法是A*，或者B*。A*通常所説的是最優算法也就是尋找最短路徑。
B*碰撞式算法也就是，也就是不斷的去碰撞能走就走，不管是不是繞路。
當然以上都是我的理解。我這裏只描述一下A*算法的一部分。
通常A*算法分為四方向和八方向計算。
現目前的遊戲方式來看不管是2D還是2.5D，還是3D，幾乎都採用8方向方式，也有遊戲是採用360°點位方式。
本文重點剖析8方向的。
先來看一個效果圖
圖中你看到的圖案表示非阻擋地區，其餘是阻擋地區。
綠色的線是表示尋路走過路線。
尋路步驟
1. 從起點A開始, 把它作為待處理的方格存入一個"開啓列表", 開啓列表就是一個等待檢查方格的列表.2. 尋找起點A周圍可以到達的方格, 將它們放入"開啓列表", 並設置它們的"父方格"為A.3. 從"開啓列表"中刪除起點 A, 並將起點 A 加入"關閉列表", "關閉列表"中存放的都是不需要再次檢查的方格
原諒我盜用了園友的圖。
圖中淺綠色描邊的方塊表示已經加入 "開啓列表" 等待檢查. 淡藍色描邊的起點 A 表示已經放入 "關閉列表" , 它不需要再執行檢查.
從 "開啓列表" 中找出相對最靠譜的方塊, 什麼是最靠譜? 它們通過公式 F=G+H 來計算.
廢話不多説了，直接來源碼
源碼來之園友，但是稍作修改。
修改1，原本算法不支持複雜地形圖。
修改2，原本算法foreach List列表，改為for循環，倒入循環。因為每一次的尋路下一個節點的時候8方向都是上一個節點。
修改3，修改單例模式。來一張大圖看看目前我的地形圖
源碼
1 public class FindWayManager
2 {
3 static readonly FindWayManager instance = new FindWayManager();
4 public static FindWayManager Instance { get { return instance; } }
5
6 /// <summary>
7 /// 阻擋點配置，，
8 /// </summary>
9 public int BlockConst = 1;
10
11 //從開啓列表查找F值最小的節點
12 private Point GetMinFFromOpenList(List<Point> Open_List)
13 {
14 Point Pmin = null;
15
16 int count = Open_List.Count;
17 for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
18 {
19 if (Pmin == null || Pmin.G + Pmin.H > Open_List[i].G + Open_List[i].H)
20 Pmin = Open_List[i];
21 }
22 return Pmin;
23 }
24
25 //判斷關閉列表是否包含一個座標的點
26 private bool IsInCloseList(int x, int y, List<Point> Close_List)
27 {
28 if (Close_List == null || Close_List.Count == 0)
29 {
30 return false;
31 }
32
33 int count = Close_List.Count;
34 for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
35 {
36 if (Close_List[i].X == x && Close_List[i].Y == y)
37 return true;
38 }
39 return false;
40 }
41 //從關閉列表返回對應座標的點
42 private Point GetPointFromCloseList(int x, int y, List<Point> Close_List)
43 {
44 int count = Close_List.Count;
45 for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
46 {
47 if (Close_List[i].X == x && Close_List[i].Y == y)
48 return Close_List[i];
49 }
50 return null;
51 }
52
53 //判斷開啓列表是否包含一個座標的點
54 private bool IsInOpenList(int x, int y, List<Point> Open_List)
55 {
56 int count = Open_List.Count;
57 for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
58 {
59 if (Open_List[i].X == x && Open_List[i].Y == y)
60 return true;
61 }
62 return false;
63 }
64 //從開啓列表返回對應座標的點
65 private Point GetPointFromOpenList(int x, int y, List<Point> Open_List)
66 {
67 int count = Open_List.Count;
68 for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
69 {
70 if (Open_List[i].X == x && Open_List[i].Y == y)
71 return Open_List[i];
72 }
73 return null;
74 }
75
76 //計算某個點的G值
77 private int GetG(Point p)
78 {
79 if (p.Next == null) return 0;
80 if (p.X == p.Next.X || p.Y == p.Next.Y) return p.Next.G + 10;
81 else return p.Next.G + 14;
82 }
83
84 //計算某個點的H值
85 private int GetH(Point p, Point pb)
86 {
87 return Math.Abs(p.X - pb.X) + Math.Abs(p.Y - pb.Y);
88 }
89
90 //檢查當前節點附近的節點
91 private void CheckP8(Point p0, byte[,] map, Point pa, Point pb, List<Point> Open_List, List<Point> Close_List)
92 {
93 //這裏的循環其實就是8方向判斷
94 for (int xt = p0.X - 1; xt <= p0.X + 1; xt++)
95 {
96 for (int yt = p0.Y - 1; yt <= p0.Y + 1; yt++)
97 {
98 //排除超過邊界和等於自身的點
99 if ((xt >= 0 && xt < map.GetLongLength(1) && yt >= 0 && yt < map.GetLongLength(0)) && !(xt == p0.X && yt == p0.Y))
100 {
101 //排除障礙點和關閉列表中的點
102 if (map[yt, xt] != BlockConst && !IsInCloseList(xt, yt, Close_List))
103 {
104 Point pt = GetPointFromOpenList(xt, yt, Open_List);
105 if (pt != null)
106 {
107 //如果節點在開啓列表中更新帶價值
108 int G_new = 0;
109 if (p0.X == pt.X || p0.Y == pt.Y) G_new = p0.G + 10;
110 else G_new = p0.G + 14;
111 if (G_new < pt.G)
112 {
113 //Open_List.Remove(pt);
114 pt.Next = p0;
115 pt.G = G_new;
116 //Open_List.Add(pt);
117 }
118 }
119 else
120 {
121 //不在開啓列表中,如果不存在創建添加到開啓列表中
122 pt = new Point();
123 pt.X = xt;
124 pt.Y = yt;
125 pt.Next = p0;
126 pt.G = GetG(pt);
127 pt.H = GetH(pt, pb);
128 Open_List.Add(pt);
129 }
130 }
131 }
132 }
133 }
134 }
135
136 public Point FindWay(byte[,] r, int sx, int sz, int ex, int ez)
137 {
138 //定義出發位置
139 Point pa = new Point();
140 pa.X = sx;
141 pa.Y = sz;
142 //定義目的地
143 Point pb = new Point();
144 pb.X = ex;
145 pb.Y = ez;
146 //如果點超出範圍，或者是阻擋點
147 if (0 < pb.X && pb.X < r.GetLength(1)
148 && 0 < pa.X && pa.X < r.GetLength(1)
149 && 0 < pb.Y && pb.Y < r.GetLength(0)
150 && 0 < pa.Y && pa.Y < r.GetLength(0)
151 && !CheckBlocking(r, pa)
152 && !CheckBlocking(r, pb))
153 {
154 //開啓列表
155 List<Point> Open_List = new List<Point>();
156 //關閉列表
157 List<Point> Close_List = new List<Point>();
158
159 Open_List.Add(pa);
160 while (!(IsInOpenList(pb.X, pb.Y, Open_List) || Open_List.Count == 0))
161 {
162 Point p0 = GetMinFFromOpenList(Open_List);
163 if (p0 == null) return null;
164 Open_List.Remove(p0);
165 Close_List.Add(p0);
166 CheckP8(p0, r, pa, pb, Open_List, Close_List);
167 }
168 Point p = GetPointFromOpenList(pb.X, pb.Y, Open_List);
169 return Reverse(p);
170 }
171 return null;
172 }
173
174 Point Reverse(Point point)
175 {
176 //新節點
177 Point newNode = null;
178 //當前節點
179 Point current = point;
180 while (current != null)
181 {
182 //取當前節點的下一個，放入臨時節點中
183 Point temp = current.Next;
184 //將當前節點的下一個設置為新節點
185 //(第一次將設置為null，也對着呢，因為第一個節點將作為尾節點)
186 current.Next = newNode;
187 //把當前節點給新節點
188 newNode = current;
189 //把臨時節點給當前節點（就是取當前節點的下一個而已）
190 current = temp;
191 }
192 //將最後的新節點給頭節點
193 return newNode;
194 }
195
196 public bool CheckBlocking(byte[,] r, Point point)
197 {
198 return CheckBlocking(r, point.X, point.Y);
199 }
200
201 public bool CheckBlocking(byte[,] r, int x, int y)
202 {
203 return r[y, x] == BlockConst;
204 }
205
206 public void PrintMap(byte[,] r)
207 {
208 Console.Clear();
209 Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Gray;
210 for (int y = 0; y < r.GetLongLength(0); y++)//Y軸
211 {
212 for (int x = 0; x < r.GetLongLength(1); x++)//X軸
213 {
214 Console.Write(r[y, x]);
215 }
216 Console.Write("\n");
217 }
218
219 }
220
221 public void PrintWay(byte[,] r, Point way)
222 {
223 Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
224 while (way != null)
225 {
226 Console.CursorLeft = way.X;
227 Console.CursorTop = way.Y;
228 Console.Write("4");
229 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(50);
230 way = way.Next;
231 }
232 Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Gray;
233 }
234
235 bool check(int x, int y, Point way)
236 {
237 Point f = way;
238 while (f != null)
239 {
240 if (f.X == x && f.Y == y)
241 {
242 return true;
243 }
244 f = f.Next;
245 }
246 return false;
247 }
248 }
249
250 public class Point
251 {
252 //座標點
253 public int Y { get; set; }
254 //座標點
255 public int X { get; set; }
256 //從起點到當前點的代價
257 public int G { get; set; }
258 //從終點到當前點的代價
259 public int H { get; set; }
260
261 public Point()
262 {
263 }
264
265 public Point Next { get; set; }
266 }由於地圖阻擋點配置是由工具決定的，所以我根據我這裏的方式來創建測試代碼
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5 using System.Threading.Tasks;
6 using System.Xml.Serialization;
7
8 namespace ConsoleApplication1
9 {
10 [XmlRootAttribute("SceneInfo_Server")]
11 [Serializable]
12 public class MapBlockConfig
13 {
14 public MapBlockConfig()
15 {
16
17 }
18 [XmlAttribute("MapID")]
19 public int MapID { get; set; }
20
21 [XmlElement("WalkSetting")]
22 public WalkSetting Walk { get; set; }
23
24 [Serializable]
25 public class WalkSetting
26 {
27 public WalkSetting()
28 {
29
30 }
31 [XmlAttribute("RZLEN")]
32 public int Rzlen { get; set; }
33
34
35 [XmlAttribute("RXLEN")]
36 public int Rxlen { get; set; }
37
38
39 [XmlAttribute("STARTX")]
40 public int Startx { get; set; }
41
42
43 [XmlAttribute("STARTY")]
44 public int Starty { get; set; }
45
46
47 [XmlAttribute("STARTZ")]
48 public int Startz { get; set; }
49
50
51 [XmlAttribute("BLOCKINFO")]
52 public String Blockinfo { get; set; }
53 }
54
55 }
56 }View Code
阻擋配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<SceneInfo_Server xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" MapID="3501">
<WalkSetting RZLEN="120" RXLEN="120" STARTX="0" STARTY="200" STARTZ="0" BLOCKINFO="111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110000000000011111111111111111111110000000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000001111111111111111111111000000000000001111111111111111111100000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000111111111111111111110000000000000000111111111111111111000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000011111111111111111110000000000000000111111111111111110000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000000001111111111111111100000000000000000011111111111111100000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111110000000000000000000111111111111111100000000000000000011111111111111000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000001111111111111100000000000000000001111111111111100000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000111111111111100000000000000000001111111111111110000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000011111111111110000000000000000001111111111111100000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000001111111111110000000000000000001111111111110000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000001111111000000000000000000000001111111111100000000000000000001111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000001111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000001111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000000000000001111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000011111111111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000011111111111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000111111111111111111100000000000000000000010000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000000111111111111111111111000000000000000000111000000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000001111111111111111111111100000000000000001111100000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000001111111111111111111111111000000000000011111100000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000001111111111111111111111111111111111100111111100000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111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/>
</SceneInfo_Server>View Code
測試代碼
1 ConsoleApplication1.MapBlockConfig block = new ConsoleApplication1.MapBlockConfig();
2 System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xml = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(block.GetType());
3 System.IO.FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream("3501.block.xml", System.IO.FileMode.Open);
4 block = (ConsoleApplication1.MapBlockConfig)xml.Deserialize(fs);
5 fs.Dispose();
6
7 R = new byte[block.Walk.Rzlen, block.Walk.Rxlen];
8
9 for (int z = 0; z < block.Walk.Rzlen; z++)
10 {
11 for (int x = 0; x < block.Walk.Rxlen; x++)
12 {
13 char item = block.Walk.Blockinfo[block.Walk.Rxlen * z + x];
14 R[z, x] = Convert.ToByte(item + "");
15 }
16 }
17
18 List<int[]> ss = new List<int[]>();//{ { 7, 60, 55, 55 } };
19 ss.Add(new int[] { 7, 60, 55, 55 });
20 ss.Add(new int[] { 9, 80, 113, 60 });
21 ss.Add(new int[] { 9, 80, 55, 90 });
22 Random ran = new Random();
23 Console.ReadLine();
24 FindWayManager.Instance.PrintMap(R);
25 Console.ReadLine();
26 while (true)
27 {
28 FindWayManager.Instance.PrintMap(R);
29 Point way = null;
30 System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch watch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
31 watch.Start();
32 int index = ran.Next(ss.Count);
33 int[] points = ss[index];
34 way = FindWayManager.Instance.FindWay(R, points[0], points[1], points[2], points[3]);
35 watch.Stop();
36 Console.Title = "尋路用時：" + (watch.ElapsedMilliseconds);
37 FindWayManager.Instance.PrintWay(R, way);
38 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
39 }
40 Console.ReadLine();效果圖請參考上面的。
特別聲明：
感謝園友提供的思路和源碼。我只是稍作修改。
看幾張性能分析圖
原本的對園友的代碼優化和修改，就是基於這個性能分析結果得來。再一次的測試發現如果把關閉列表用 Dictionary<string, Point> Close_List = new Dictionary<string, Point>();
性能還能再次提升。
但是如果把openlist也改為 Dictionary<string, Point> 性能卻不如從前了。
以上四張圖都是程序運行一段時間穩定後截圖。
期待大神，有更優化的算法~！
本文章為轉載內容，我們尊重原作者對文章享有的著作權。如有內容錯誤或侵權問題，歡迎原作者聯繫我們進行內容更正或刪除文章。
