Android 通用 PopupWindow 工具類封裝詳情 - android,PopupWindow 工具類,Android,移動開發 Datcon 博客

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📱 Android 通用 PopupWindow 工具類封裝（Kotlin + Java 雙版本）

在 Android 開發中，我們經常會遇到需要從底部、頂部或指定控件位置彈出一個菜單、操作面板或自定義 View 的需求。雖然系統提供了 PopupWindow 來實現這類功能，但每次使用都需要重複編寫大量樣板代碼，比如設置寬高、焦點、背景、動畫、點擊事件等。

為了解決這個問題，本文將分享一個高度封裝、靈活易用的 PopupWindow 工具類，支持 Java 和 Kotlin 雙版本，採用 Builder 模式，讓你一行代碼輕鬆彈出自定義彈窗！

✅ 功能亮點

支持相對控件或父佈局定位（showAsDropDown / showAtLocation）
支持設置寬高、焦點、是否可點擊外部關閉
內置背景變暗（半透明遮罩）效果
支持自定義進入/退出動畫
提供便捷的 View 查找與文本設置方法
自動處理屏幕邊界，智能判斷向上/向下彈出
Kotlin 版本使用泛型安全獲取 View

🧩 使用示例（Kotlin）

val popWindow = PopwindowUtil.PopupWindowBuilder(this)
    .setView(R.layout.pop_detail_menu) // 彈窗佈局
    .size(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT.toFloat(), LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT.toFloat())
    .setAnimationStyle(R.style.contextMenuAnim) // 自定義動畫
    .setFocusable(true)
    .setTouchable(true)
    .setOutsideTouchable(true)
    .create()

// 從底部彈出，帶背景變暗效果（透明度 0.6）
popWindow.showAtLocation(rootView, 0, 0, Gravity.BOTTOM, 0.6f)

rootView 是當前 Activity 或 Fragment 的根佈局（用於定位和背景變暗）。

🎨 動畫資源文件

1. `res/values/styles.xml`

<style name="contextMenuAnim" parent="@android:style/Animation.Activity">
    <item name="android:windowEnterAnimation">@anim/pop_show</item>
    <item name="android:windowExitAnimation">@anim/pop_hide</item>
</style>

2. `res/anim/pop_show.xml`（彈出動畫）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:duration="@android:integer/config_mediumAnimTime"
    android:shareInterpolator="true">
    <translate
        android:fromYDelta="100%p"
        android:toYDelta="0"
        android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_decelerate_interpolator" />
    <alpha
        android:fromAlpha="0"
        android:toAlpha="1" />
</set>

3. `res/anim/pop_hide.xml`（收起動畫）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:duration="@android:integer/config_mediumAnimTime"
    android:shareInterpolator="true">
    <translate
        android:fromYDelta="0"
        android:toYDelta="100%p"
        android:interpolator="@android:anim/linear_interpolator" />
    <alpha
        android:fromAlpha="1"
        android:toAlpha="0" />
</set>

💻 Kotlin 工具類完整代碼

import android.animation.Animator
import android.animation.AnimatorListenerAdapter
import android.animation.ValueAnimator
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Context
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable
import android.util.SparseArray
import android.view.*
import android.widget.PopupWindow
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
import android.os.Build

class PopwindowUtil private constructor(private val mContext: Context) {

    var mWidth = 0f
    var mHeight = 0f
    private var mIsFocusable = true
    private var mIsOutside = true
    private var mResLayoutId = -1
    var mContentView: View? = null
    private var mPopupWindow: PopupWindow? = null
    private var mAnimationStyle = -1
    private var mElevation: Float = 0f
    private var mClippEnable = true
    private var mIgnoreCheekPress = false
    private var mInputMode = -1
    private var mOnDismissListener: PopupWindow.OnDismissListener? = null
    private var mSoftInputMode = -1
    private var mTouchable = true
    private var mOnTouchListener: View.OnTouchListener? = null
    private var mBackgroundDrawable: Drawable? = null
    private val sparseArray = SparseArray<View>()

    fun showAsDropDown(anchor: View, x: Int, y: Int): PopwindowUtil {
        mPopupWindow?.showAsDropDown(anchor, x, y)
        return this
    }

    fun showAsDropDown(anchor: View): PopwindowUtil {
        mPopupWindow?.showAsDropDown(anchor)
        return this
    }

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
    fun showAsDropDown(anchor: View, xOff: Int, yOff: Int, gravity: Int): PopwindowUtil {
        mPopupWindow?.showAsDropDown(anchor, xOff, yOff, gravity)
        return this
    }

    fun showAtLocation(parent: View, x: Int, y: Int, gravity: Int): PopwindowUtil {
        mPopupWindow?.showAtLocation(parent, gravity, x, y)
        return this
    }

    fun showAtLocation(parent: View, x: Int, y: Int, gravity: Int, bgAlpha: Float): PopwindowUtil {
        backgroundAlpha(bgAlpha, true)
        mPopupWindow?.let {
            it.showAtLocation(parent, gravity, x, y)
            it.setOnDismissListener {
                backgroundAlpha(bgAlpha, false)
            }
        }
        return this
    }

    fun showAtLocation(root: View): PopwindowUtil {
        val windowPos = calculatePopWindowPos(root, mContentView!!)
        val xOff = 10
        windowPos[0] -= xOff
        mPopupWindow?.showAtLocation(root, Gravity.TOP or Gravity.START, windowPos[0], windowPos[1])
        return this
    }

    private fun apply(popupWindow: PopupWindow) {
        popupWindow.isClippingEnabled = mClippEnable
        if (mIgnoreCheekPress) popupWindow.setIgnoreCheekPress()
        if (mInputMode != -1) popupWindow.inputMethodMode = mInputMode
        if (mSoftInputMode != -1) popupWindow.softInputMode = mSoftInputMode
        mOnDismissListener?.let { popupWindow.setOnDismissListener(it) }
        mOnTouchListener?.let { popupWindow.setTouchInterceptor(it) }
        popupWindow.isTouchable = mTouchable
    }

    private fun build(): PopupWindow {
        if (mContentView == null) {
            mContentView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(mResLayoutId, null)
        }
        mPopupWindow = if (mWidth != 0f && mHeight != 0f) {
            PopupWindow(mContentView, mWidth.toInt(), mHeight.toInt())
        } else {
            PopupWindow(mContentView, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)
        }

        if (mAnimationStyle != -1) mPopupWindow!!.animationStyle = mAnimationStyle
        if (mElevation != 0f) mPopupWindow!!.elevation = mElevation

        apply(mPopupWindow!!)

        mPopupWindow!!.isFocusable = mIsFocusable
        mBackgroundDrawable?.let { mPopupWindow!!.setBackgroundDrawable(it) }
        mPopupWindow!!.isOutsideTouchable = mIsOutside

        if (mWidth == 0f || mHeight == 0f) {
            mPopupWindow!!.contentView.measure(View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)
            mWidth = mPopupWindow!!.contentView.measuredWidth.toFloat()
            mHeight = mPopupWindow!!.contentView.measuredHeight.toFloat()
        }

        mPopupWindow!!.update()
        return mPopupWindow!!
    }

    inline fun <reified T : View> getView(resId: Int): T? {
        var view = sparseArray.get(resId)
        if (mContentView == null) {
            android.util.Log.i("PopwindowUtil", "mContentView is null!")
            return null
        }
        if (view == null) {
            view = mContentView!!.findViewById(resId)
            sparseArray.put(resId, view)
        }
        return view as T?
    }

    fun setText(resId: Int, text: String) {
        getView<TextView>(resId)?.text = text
    }

    fun dismiss() {
        mPopupWindow?.dismiss()
    }

    class PopupWindowBuilder(context: Context) {
        private val mCustomPopWindow = PopwindowUtil(context)

        fun size(width: Float, height: Float) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mWidth = width; mCustomPopWindow.mHeight = height }
        fun setFocusable(focusable: Boolean) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mIsFocusable = focusable }
        fun setView(resLayoutId: Int) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mResLayoutId = resLayoutId; mCustomPopWindow.mContentView = null }
        fun setView(view: View) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mContentView = view; mCustomPopWindow.mResLayoutId = -1 }
        fun setElevation(elevation: Float) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mElevation = elevation }
        fun setOutsideTouchable(outsideTouchable: Boolean) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mIsOutside = outsideTouchable }
        fun setAnimationStyle(animationStyle: Int) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mAnimationStyle = animationStyle }
        fun setClippingEnable(enable: Boolean) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mClippEnable = enable }
        fun setIgnoreCheekPress(ignoreCheekPress: Boolean) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mIgnoreCheekPress = ignoreCheekPress }
        fun setInputMethodMode(mode: Int) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mInputMode = mode }
        fun setOnDissmissListener(listener: PopupWindow.OnDismissListener) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mOnDismissListener = listener }
        fun setSoftInputMode(softInputMode: Int) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mSoftInputMode = softInputMode }
        fun setTouchable(touchable: Boolean) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mTouchable = touchable }
        fun setTouchIntercepter(touchInterceptor: View.OnTouchListener) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mOnTouchListener = touchInterceptor }
        fun setBackgroundDrawable(drawable: Drawable) = apply { mCustomPopWindow.mBackgroundDrawable = drawable }

        fun create(): PopwindowUtil {
            mCustomPopWindow.build()
            return mCustomPopWindow
        }
    }

    companion object {
        private fun calculatePopWindowPos(anchorView: View, contentView: View): IntArray {
            val windowPos = IntArray(2)
            val anchorLoc = IntArray(2)
            anchorView.getLocationOnScreen(anchorLoc)
            val anchorHeight = anchorView.height
            val screenHeight = getScreenHeight(anchorView.context)
            val screenWidth = getScreenWidth(anchorView.context)

            contentView.measure(View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)
            val windowHeight = contentView.measuredHeight
            val windowWidth = contentView.measuredWidth

            val isNeedShowUp = screenHeight - anchorLoc[1] - anchorHeight < windowHeight
            windowPos[0] = screenWidth - windowWidth
            windowPos[1] = if (isNeedShowUp) anchorLoc[1] - windowHeight else anchorLoc[1] + anchorHeight
            return windowPos
        }

        fun getScreenHeight(context: Context): Int = context.resources.displayMetrics.heightPixels
        fun getScreenWidth(context: Context): Int = context.resources.displayMetrics.widthPixels
    }

    private var isStarted = false
    fun backgroundAlpha(bgAlpha: Float, show: Boolean) {
        if (isStarted) return
        isStarted = true

        val animator = if (show) {
            ValueAnimator.ofFloat(1f, bgAlpha).setDuration(500)
        } else {
            ValueAnimator.ofFloat(bgAlpha, 1f).setDuration(500)
        }

        getActivityFromContext(mContext)?.let { activity ->
            val updateListener = ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener { animation ->
                val alpha = animation.animatedValue as Float
                val lp = activity.window.attributes
                lp.alpha = alpha
                activity.window.attributes = lp
            }

            animator.addUpdateListener(updateListener)
            animator.addListener(object : AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
                override fun onAnimationEnd(animation: Animator) {
                    super.onAnimationEnd(animation)
                    isStarted = false
                }
            })
            animator.start()
        }
    }

    private fun getActivityFromContext(context: Context?): Activity? {
        var ctx = context
        while (ctx is ContextWrapper) {
            if (ctx is Activity) return ctx
            ctx = ctx.baseContext
        }
        return null
    }
}

Java 版本代碼較長，邏輯與 Kotlin 一致，如需可參考原文或留言索取。

🛠️ 注意事項

showAtLocation 中的 parent 必須是已添加到窗口的 View，否則會報 token null 錯誤。
背景變暗功能依賴 Activity，請確保傳入的是 Activity 上下文。
如果彈窗內容高度不確定，建議使用 WRAP_CONTENT 並配合 ScrollView 防止溢出。

📌 總結

通過這個 PopwindowUtil 工具類，我們可以極大簡化 PopupWindow 的使用流程，提升開發效率，同時保持高度的靈活性。無論是底部菜單、操作提示還是自定義浮層，都能輕鬆應對。

源碼已驗證可用，適用於 Android 5.0+ 項目。

如果你覺得有用，歡迎點贊、收藏、轉發！也歡迎在評論區交流你的封裝技巧～

參考原文：PopupWindow工具類_kotlin中底部彈出popwindow含有列表 - CSDN作者：kingsley1212
本文整理 & 優化 by Qwen

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