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使用pyside6編寫簡單的串口上位機

一、設計UI界面

使用qt設計師

需要注意的是

調整整體大小

最後設置整體自動調整大小時，對於QMainWindow窗口需要右鍵最基本的框，選擇佈局，不然在右側是沒有佈局選項的

窗口放大時非對話框有最大大小，不跟着變大

設置對應窗口的對齊為 0

按鈕進入對齊後選擇minimum，可以變大

默認時

二、編寫邏輯

編寫基本框架

選擇自己使用的是QMainWindow還是QWidget

導入pyside的庫

from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication,QMainWindow,QWidget

引用對應界面庫

#ui為上一層目錄
from ui.Ui_serial_up import Ui_MainWindow

class MyWindow(QMainWindow,Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication()
    window = MyWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

邏輯部分

導入串口所需庫

from PySide6.QtCore import QThread,Signal

import serial
import serial.tools.list_ports

配置大體框架

#接收線程
class SerialReadThread(QThread):
    ReadSignal = Signal(str) #接收信號
    def __init__(self,serial_obj):
        super().__init__()
        
    def run():
    
    def stop():

子窗口

子窗口現在qt設計師設計好，使用QSialog類型

#子窗口界面
class SettingSerial(QDialog,Ui_Dialog):
    def __init__(self,parent = None):#parent 為傳入形參接口
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)#調用子窗口Ui
        #綁定自帶的確認和取消鍵
        #連接固定的確定取消方法
        #self.reject()和self.accept()是取消和確認方法
        self.buttonBox.accepted.connect(self.buttonAccept)
        self.buttonBox.rejected.connect(self.reject)
        
    def buttonAccept(self): 
        self.accept()
    def backSetting(self):
    '''子窗口返回方法，同與父窗口調用後關閉子窗口時調用'''

父窗口框架

#界面
class MyWindow(QMainWindow,Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)#調用父窗口Ui
        
    def SerialSend(self):
    
    def SerialReceive(self):
    
    def SerialStart(self):
    
    def SerialStop(self):
    
    def ClearTx(self):
    
    def ClearRx(self):

編寫代碼

首先編寫主界面的基本操作

#清除
def clearTx(self):
        self.TextEdit_2.clear()
    
    def clearRx(self):
        self.TextEdit_1.clear()

#變量定義
def initVariable(self):
    self.baudrate = "115200"
    self.bytesize = '8'
    self.stopbits_set = '1'
    self.parity_set = 'None'
    # 串口對象
    self.serial_port = None
    self.reader_thread = None
    self.send_byte_count = 0  #發送字節總數
    self.receive_byte_count = 0  #接收字節總數

#按鍵關聯方法
def ConnectButton(self):
    #關聯按鍵
    self.pushButton_5.clicked.connect(self.clearTx)
    self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.clearRx)
    #打開串口
    self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.SerialSwitch)
    #刷新端口
    self.action10.setShortcut('F5')
    self.action10.setStatusTip('刷新端口')
    self.action10.triggered.connect(self.RefreshSerial)
    #串口設置
    self.pushButton_4.clicked.connect(self.open_dialog)
    self.action20.setStatusTip('配置串口')
    self.action20.triggered.connect(self.open_dialog)
    #更改baud下拉欄
    self.comboBox_2.currentIndexChanged.
        connect(self.backBaudrate)
    #發送數據
    self.pushButton_3.clicked.connect(self.SendData)

打開串口關閉串口

def SerialSwitch(self):
    '''設置標誌位，區分打開關閉串口'''
    if self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open:
        self.closeSerial()
    else:
        self.StartSerial()
def StartSerial(self):
    #讀取當前com口
    is_com = self.comboBox.currentText()
    if not is_com :
        QMessageBox.warning(self,"warning","沒有可用的串口")
        return
    #讀取的端口從 - 分割開
    com = is_com.split(" - ")[0]
    #把確認的端口信息賦值給局部變量，後面賦值給串口庫形參
    baudrate = self.baudrate
    bytesize = int(self.bytesize)
    stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE
    if self.stopbits_set == '1.5':
        stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE_POINT_FIVE
    elif self.stopbits_set == '2':
        stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_TWO
    parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
    if self.parity_set == 'Odd':
        parity = serial.PARITY_ODD
    elif self.parity_set == 'Even':
        parity = serial.PARITY_EVEN
    elif self.parity_set == 'Mark':
        parity = serial.PARITY_MARK
    elif self.parity_set == 'Space':
        parity = serial.PARITY_SPACE

    try:
        self.serial_port = serial.Serial(
            port=com,
            baudrate=baudrate,
            bytesize=bytesize,
            stopbits=stopbits,
            parity=parity,
            timeout=0.1   # 讀超時，讓線程可以循環檢查停止標誌
        )
    except Exception as e:
        QMessageBox.critical(self, "錯誤", f"無法打開串口：{e}")
        return
    #開啓多線程
    self.reader_thread = SerialReadThread(self.serial_port)
    #判斷ReadSignal信號是否接收到數據，接收到進入數據處理
    self.reader_thread.ReadSignal.connect(self.on_data_received)
    self.reader_thread.start()
    #打開串口後將按鈕改為關閉
    self.pushButton_2.setText('關閉串口')
    #失能部分按鍵，防止誤觸，出錯
    self.set_serial_settings_enabled(False)

def closeSerial(self):
    if self.reader_thread:
        self.reader_thread.stop()
        self.reader_thread = None
    if self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open:
        self.serial_port.close()
    self.serial_port = None
    self.pushButton_2.setText("打開串口")
    self.set_serial_settings_enabled(True)

失能使能模塊方法包裝

def set_serial_settings_enabled(self, enabled):
    self.comboBox.setEnabled(enabled)
    self.comboBox_2.setEnabled(enabled)
    self.pushButton_4.setEnabled(enabled)
    self.action20.setEnabled(enabled)

打開串口的時候，關閉其他使能

設置串口 讀 多線程

class SerialReadThread(QThread):
    #創建信號 ， bytes類型
    ReadSignal = Signal(bytes)

    def __init__(self,serial_port):
        super().__init__()
        self.serial_port = serial_port
        self.is_running = False

    def run(self):
        self.is_running = True
        while self.is_running and self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open:
            try:
            #接收數據
                data = self.serial_port.read(self.serial_port.in_waiting or 1)
                if data:
                    #將接收到的數據連接上信號
                    self.ReadSignal.emit(data)
            except Exception as e:
                break
        

    def stop(self):
        self.is_running = False
        #等待主線程完成，使子線程完全退出
        self.wait()

接收數據處理

def on_data_received(self,data):
    #狀態欄的變量，接收數據+1
    self.receive_byte_count += len(data)
    self.update_status_bar()
    #判斷hex是否勾選
    if self.checkBox_3.isChecked():
        hex_str = data.hex().upper()

        hex_str = ' '.join(hex_str[i:i+2] for i in range(0, len(hex_str), 2))
        self.TextEdit_1.insertPlainText(hex_str + " ")
    else:
        try:
            text = data.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
        except:
            text = str(data)
        self.TextEdit_1.insertPlainText(text)

    #自動滾動
    #返回光標
    cursor = self.TextEdit_1.textCursor()
    #光標移動到最後
    cursor.movePosition(cursor.MoveOperation.End)
    #頁面到光標處
    self.TextEdit_1.setTextCursor(cursor)

子窗口

子窗口

class SettingSerial(QDialog,Ui_Dialog):
    def __init__(self,parent = None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)

        self.buttonBox.accepted.connect(self.buttonAccept)
        self.buttonBox.rejected.connect(self.reject)
    #刷新子窗口com，父子一致
    def refreashCom(self,postList,currentPort):
        self.comboBox.clear()
        self.comboBox.addItems(postList)
        if currentPort :
            Index = self.comboBox.findText(currentPort)
            if Index>=0:
                self.comboBox.setCurrentIndex(Index)
    #刷新子窗口，父子一致
    def refreashBaud(self,baudrate):
        if baudrate :
            Index = self.comboBox_2.findText(baudrate)
            if Index>=0:
                self.comboBox_2.setCurrentIndex(Index)
    #刷新子窗口，父子一致
    def refreashother(self,bytesize,stopbits_set,parity_set):
        if bytesize :
            Index = self.comboBox_3.findText(bytesize)
            if Index>=0:
                self.comboBox_3.setCurrentIndex(Index)
        if stopbits_set :
            Index = self.comboBox_4.findText(stopbits_set)
            if Index>=0:
                self.comboBox_4.setCurrentIndex(Index)
        if parity_set :
            Index = self.comboBox_6.findText(parity_set)
            if Index>=0:
                self.comboBox_6.setCurrentIndex(Index)
    
    def buttonAccept(self): 
        self.accept()

    def backSetting(self):
        com = self.comboBox.currentText()#.split(" - ")[0]
        return (com
                ,self.comboBox_2.currentText()
                ,self.comboBox_3.currentText()
                ,self.comboBox_4.currentText()
                ,self.comboBox_6.currentText()
                ,self.comboBox_5.currentText()
                )

父窗口調用子窗口

父窗口按鍵關聯

def open_dialog(self):
    dialog = SettingSerial(self)
    '''刷新數據'''
    self.RefreshSerial()
    dialog.refreashCom(self.postList,self.currentPort)
    dialog.refreashBaud(self.baudrate)
    dialog.refreashother(self.bytesize,self.stopbits_set,self.parity_set)
    #使用.exec()方法，等待子窗口點擊確認，此時可以返回一些數據
    if dialog.exec() == QDialog.Accepted:
        self.settings = dialog.backSetting()
        self.settingAccept(self.settings)

返回數據

def settingAccept(self,settings):
    self.currentPort,self.baudrate,self.bytesize,self.stopbits_set,self.parity_set,flow_set = settings
    if self.currentPort :
        Index = self.comboBox.findText(self.currentPort)
        if Index>=0:
            self.comboBox.setCurrentIndex(Index)
    if self.baudrate :
        baud = self.comboBox_2.findText(self.baudrate)
        if baud>=0:
            self.comboBox_2.setCurrentIndex(baud)

發送數據

def SendData(self):
    if not self.serial_port or not self.serial_port.is_open:
        QMessageBox.warning(self, "警告", "請先打開串口！")
        return
    #讀取當前發送框有什麼
    text = self.TextEdit_2.toPlainText()
    if not text:
        return
    #判斷是不是 使用hex方式
    if self.checkBox_3.isChecked():
        hex_str = ''.join(text.split())
        try:
            #.fromhex 轉16進制
            data = bytes.fromhex(hex_str)
        except ValueError as e:
            QMessageBox.warning(self, "錯誤", f"無效的十六進制字符串：{e}")
            return
    else:
        #ASCII發送
        data = text.encode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
    try:
        #返回發送的長度
        sent_bytes = self.serial_port.write(data)
        #狀態欄
        self.send_byte_count += sent_bytes
        self.update_status_bar()
    except Exception as e:
        QMessageBox.critical(self, "錯誤", f"發送失敗：{e}")

運行

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication()
    window = MyWindow()
    window.setWindowIcon(QIcon("icon.png"))
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

狀態欄

可以創建QLabel窗口，然後使用.addPermanentWidget(self.label)一直添加到狀態欄右側

def status_bars(self):
    '''多狀態欄'''
    status_text = f"接收：{self.receive_byte_count} 字節 | 發送：{self.send_byte_count} 字節"
    self.serial_status_label = QLabel(status_text)
    self.statusBar.addPermanentWidget(self.serial_status_label)

    self.textlabel = QLabel(' 天天好心情')
    self.statusBar.addPermanentWidget(self.textlabel)

def update_status_bar(self):
    """更新狀態欄顯示：發送/接收字節數"""
    # status_text = f"接收：{self.receive_byte_count} 字節 | 發送：{self.send_byte_count} 字節"
    # self.statusBar.setStyleSheet("QStatusBar { padding-left: 1000px; }")
    # 設置狀態欄文本（showMessage默認顯示5秒，傳0表示永久顯示）
    # self.statusBar.showMessage(status_text, 0)
    self.serial_status_label.setText(f"接收：{self.receive_byte_count} 字節 | 發送：{self.send_byte_count} 字節")

https://gitee.com/liliww/serial-upper-computer.git

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