《計算機組成及彙編語言原理》學習第 2 天，p9-p27 總結，總計 19 頁。

一、技術總結

1.quantum physics(量子物理學)

(1)quantum(量子)

quantum的本意是：c. the smallest amount of sth(量子)。

In physics, a quantum is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction(在物理學中，量子（quantum）是參與基本相互作用的任何物理實體（物理性質）的最小量)。

2.how transitors work

從中能感受到作者擁有把一個複雜的東西進行簡單介紹的功力。

3.Boolean logic

(1)-ean vs -ian

p12, The conventional way of performing logic on bit quantities is called Boolean logic, after the nineteenth-century mathematician George Boole。

以前我經常糾結於到底是boole logic 還是 boolean logic。查了一下，概括起來就是：人名+-ean/-ian表示形容詞。至於加-ean還是 -ian取決於歷史原因（詞源的發展）。示例：

-ean示例：Boolean ligic(布爾邏輯)，Euclidean geometry(歐幾里德幾何)。

-ian示例：Newtonian physics(牛頓物理學)， Darwinian theory(達爾文學説/達爾文進化論)。

(2)boolean logic

AND, OR, NOT。

4.machine language(machine code)

(1)定義

The binary encoding of the basic instructions of a computer program. This is not typically written by humans, but by other programs such as compilers or assemblers。

(2)示例

10111000 00000001

之前每次看到 machine language 和 machine code 我就犯糊塗：這兩個概念是指同一個東西嗎？現在確認了，指的是同一個東西。

二、英語總結(生詞：6)

1.quantum

(1)quantum:

c. the smallest amount of sth(量子)。

(2)quanta: quantum 的複數形式。

p10, The fundamental idea involves some fairly high-powered (well, yes, Nobel-caliber) quantum physics, but it can be understood in terms of electron transport, as long as you don’t need the actual equations.

2.caliber

u.the degree of quanlity or ability；the level of quanlity or ability(級別)，強調 quanlity(質量)與excellence(卓越性) in standard(在標準上)。示例：Nobel-caliber(諾貝爾級別)。

3.as long as

provided that or on the condition that。以前記中文老是記不住這類短語的用法，現在從英文理解，感覺一下子就通暢記住了。

4.uneasy

adj. unstable。

p9, A transistor consists mostly of a type of material called a semiconductor, which occupies an uneasy middle ground between good conductors (like copper) and bad conductors/good insulators (like glass).

5.dramatically

adv. in a very sudden or noticable way。

p11, A key aspect of semiconductors is that their ability to transmit electricity can change dramatically with impurities (dopants) in the semiconductor.

6.diode

(1)diode: di-("twice") + hodos("way, path")

c. a device that controls an electric current so that it can only flow in one direction(二極管)。

p11, When you put a piece of n-type next to a piece of p-type semiconductor (the resulting widget is called a diode)

三、其它

這本書有一個 Glossary(術語) 章節，該章節對書中重要的概念進行下定義，這點讓我很滿意。示例：word(The basic unit of data processing in a machine, formally the size of the general-purpose registers. As of this writing (2006), 32-bit words are typical of most commercially available computers)。

四、參考資料

1. 編程

(1) Patrick Juola，《計算機組成及彙編語言原理》：https://book.douban.com/subject/3069889/

2. 英語

(1) Etymology Dictionary：https://www.etymonline.com

(2) Cambridge Dictionary：https://dictionary.cambridge.org

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