1. 概述在本文檔系列中的第五篇文章中，我們將通過使用 rsql-parser 庫來演示如何構建 REST API 查詢語言。

RSQL 是 Feed Item 查詢語言（FIQL）的超集——一種簡潔易用的過濾語法，非常適合用於 Feed；因此，它自然地融入到 REST API 中。

2. 準備工作首先，我們需要添加一個 Maven 依賴項到庫中:

<dependency>
    <groupId>cz.jirutka.rsql</groupId>
    <artifactId>rsql-parser</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>

並且定義我們將在示例中使用的主要實體 – User:

@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
 
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private String email;
 
    private int age;
}

3. Parse the Request

通過 RSQL 表達式在內部表示的方式是節點，並且使用訪問者模式來解析輸入。

考慮到這一點，我們將實現 RSQLVisitor 接口，並創建我們的訪問者實現——CustomRsqlVisitor：

public class CustomRsqlVisitor<T> implements RSQLVisitor<Specification<T>, Void> {

    private GenericRsqlSpecBuilder<T> builder;

    public CustomRsqlVisitor() {
        builder = new GenericRsqlSpecBuilder<T>();
    }

    @Override
    public Specification<T> visit(AndNode node, Void param) {
        return builder.createSpecification(node);
    }

    @Override
    public Specification<T> visit(OrNode node, Void param) {
        return builder.createSpecification(node);
    }

    @Override
    public Specification<T> visit(ComparisonNode node, Void params) {
        return builder.createSecification(node);
    }
}

現在我們需要處理持久化並構造從每個訪問的節點中構建查詢。

我們將使用之前使用的 Spring Data JPA Specifications——並且我們將實現一個 Specification 構建器來 從每個訪問的節點中構建 Specifications：

public class GenericRsqlSpecBuilder<T> {

    public Specification<T> createSpecification(Node node) {
        if (node instanceof LogicalNode) {
            return createSpecification((LogicalNode) node);
        }
        if (node instanceof ComparisonNode) {
            return createSpecification((ComparisonNode) node);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public Specification<T> createSpecification(LogicalNode logicalNode) {        
        List<Specification> specs = logicalNode.getChildren()
          .stream()
          .map(node -> createSpecification(node))
          .filter(Objects::nonNull)
          .collect(Collectors.toList());

        Specification<T> result = specs.get(0);
        if (logicalNode.getOperator() == LogicalOperator.AND) {
            for (int i = 1; i < specs.size(); i++) {
                result = Specification.where(result).and(specs.get(i));
            }
        } else if (logicalNode.getOperator() == LogicalOperator.OR) {
            for (int i = 1; i < specs.size(); i++) {
                result = Specification.where(result).or(specs.get(i));
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    public Specification<T> createSpecification(ComparisonNode comparisonNode) {
        Specification<T> result = Specification.where(
          new GenericRsqlSpecification<T>(
            comparisonNode.getSelector(), 
            comparisonNode.getOperator(), 
            comparisonNode.getArguments()
          )
        );
        return result;
    }
}

注意以下內容：

• LogicalNode 是 AND / OR Node，並且具有多個子節點
• ComparisonNode 沒有子節點，並且它持有 Selector, Operator 和 Arguments

例如，對於查詢 “name==john”——我們有：

1. Selector： “name”
2. Operator： “==”
3. Arguments：[john]

4. 創建自定義 規範

在構建查詢時，我們使用了 規範 ：

public class GenericRsqlSpecification<T> implements Specification<T> {

    private String property;
    private ComparisonOperator operator;
    private List<String> arguments;

    @Override
    public Predicate toPredicate(Root<T> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder builder) {
        List<Object> args = castArguments(root);
        Object argument = args.get(0);
        switch (RsqlSearchOperation.getSimpleOperator(operator)) {

        case EQUAL: {
            if (argument instanceof String) {
                return builder.like(root.get(property), argument.toString().replace('*', '%'));
            } else if (argument == null) {
                return builder.isNull(root.get(property));
            } else {
                return builder.equal(root.get(property), argument);
            }
        }
        case NOT_EQUAL: {
            if (argument instanceof String) {
                return builder.notLike(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString().replace('*', '%'));
            } else if (argument == null) {
                return builder.isNotNull(root.get(property));
            } else {
                return builder.notEqual(root.<String> get(property), argument);
            }
        }
        case GREATER_THAN: {
            return builder.greaterThan(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString());
        }
        case GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL: {
            return builder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString());
        }
        case LESS_THAN: {
            return builder.lessThan(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString());
        }
        case LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL: {
            return builder.lessThanOrEqualTo(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString());
        }
        case IN:
            return root.get(property).in(args);
        case NOT_IN:
            return builder.not(root.get(property).in(args));
        }

        return null;
    }

    private List<Object> castArguments(final Root<T> root) {
        
        Class<? extends Object> type = root.get(property).getJavaType();
        
        List<Object> args = arguments.stream().map(arg -> {
            if (type.equals(Integer.class)) {
               return Integer.parseInt(arg);
            } else if (type.equals(Long.class)) {
               return Long.parseLong(arg);
            } else {
                return arg;
            }            
        }).collect(Collectors.toList());

        return args;
    }

    // standard constructor, getter, setter
}

注意，規範使用了泛型，並且與任何特定的實體（如 User）沒有關聯。

接下來是我們的 枚舉 “RsqlSearchOperation ” ，其中包含默認的 rsql-parser 運算符：

public enum RsqlSearchOperation {
    EQUAL(RSQLOperators.EQUAL), 
    NOT_EQUAL(RSQLOperators.NOT_EQUAL), 
    GREATER_THAN(RSQLOperators.GREATER_THAN), 
    GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL(RSQLOperators.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL), 
    LESS_THAN(RSQLOperators.LESS_THAN), 
    LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL(RSQLOperators.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL), 
    IN(RSQLOperators.IN), 
    NOT_IN(RSQLOperators.NOT_IN);

    private ComparisonOperator operator;

    private RsqlSearchOperation(ComparisonOperator operator) {
        this.operator = operator;
    }

    public static RsqlSearchOperation getSimpleOperator(ComparisonOperator operator) {
        for (RsqlSearchOperation operation : values()) {
            if (operation.getOperator() == operator) {
                return operation;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

5. Test Search QueriesLet’s now start testing our new and flexible operations through some real-world scenarios:

First – let’s initialize the data:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { PersistenceConfig.class })
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration
public class RsqlTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository repository;

    private User userJohn;

    private User userTom;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        userJohn = new User();
        userJohn.setFirstName("john");
        userJohn.setLastName("doe");
        userJohn.setEmail("[email protected]");
        userJohn.setAge(22);
        repository.save(userJohn);

        userTom = new User();
        userTom.setFirstName("tom");
        userTom.setLastName("doe");
        userTom.setEmail("[email protected]");
        userTom.setAge(26);
        repository.save(userTom);
    }
}

Now let’s test the different operations:

5.1. Test EqualityIn the following example – we’ll search for users by their first and last name:

@Test
public void givenFirstAndLastName_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("firstName==john;lastName==doe");
    Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
    List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);

    assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
    assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}

5.2. Test NegationNext, let’s search for users that by the their first name not “john”:

@Test
public void givenFirstNameInverse_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("firstName!=john");
    Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
    List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);

    assertThat(userTom, isIn(results));
    assertThat(userJohn, not(isIn(results)));
}

5.3. Test Greater ThanNext – we will search for users with age greater than “25”:

@Test
public void givenMinAge_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("age>25");
    Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
    List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);

    assertThat(userTom, isIn(results));
    assertThat(userJohn, not(isIn(results)));
}

5.4. Test LikeNext – we will search for users with their first name starting with “jo”:

@Test
public void givenFirstNamePrefix_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("firstName==jo*");
    Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
    List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);

    assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
    assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}

5.5. Test INNext – we will search for users their first name is “john” or “jack“:

@Test
public void givenListOfFirstName_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("firstName=in=(john,jack)");
    Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
    List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);

    assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
    assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}

6. UserController

最後，讓我們將所有內容與控制器聯繫起來:

@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/users")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> findAllByRsql(@RequestParam(value = "search") String search) {
    Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse(search);
    Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
    return dao.findAll(spec);
}

以下是一個示例 URL:

http://localhost:8082/spring-rest-query-language/auth/users?search=firstName==jo*;age<25

響應:

[{
    "id":1,
    "firstName":"john",
    "lastName":"doe",
    "email":"[email protected]",
    "age":24
}]

7. 結論

本教程闡述瞭如何構建 REST API 的 Query/搜索語言，無需重新發明語法，而是使用 FIQL / RSQL。

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