1. 引言
之前,我們已經介紹了 Serenity BDD 框架。
在本文中,我們將介紹如何將 Serenity BDD 與 Spring 集成。
2. Maven 依賴
為了在我們的 Spring 項目中啓用 Serenity,我們需要將 <a href="https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/net.serenity-bdd/serenity-core">serenity-core</a> 和 <a href="https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/net.serenity-bdd/serenity-spring">serenity-spring</a> 添加到 <em>pom.xml</em> 中:
<dependency>
<groupId>net.serenity-bdd</groupId>
<artifactId>serenity-core</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.serenity-bdd</groupId>
<artifactId>serenity-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>我們還需要配置 serenity-maven-plugin,這對於生成 Serenity 測試報告非常重要:
<plugin>
<groupId>net.serenity-bdd.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>serenity-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>4.0.18</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>serenity-reports</id>
<phase>post-integration-test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>aggregate</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>3. Spring Integration
Spring Integration 測試需要使用 <em @RunWith</em> 標記以及 <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/test/context/junit4/SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.html"><em>SpringJUnit4ClassRunner</em></a>。 但是,我們不能直接使用測試運行器與 Serenity 配合使用,因為 Serenity 測試需要通過SerenityRunner` 運行。
對於使用 Serenity 的測試,我們可以使用 <em>SpringIntegrationMethodRule</em> 和 <em>SpringIntegrationClassRule</em> 來啓用注入。
我們將基於一個簡單的場景進行測試:給定一個數字,當添加另一個數字時,則返回它們的和。
3.1. <em>SpringIntegrationMethodRule</em>
<em>SpringIntegrationMethodRule</em> 是一個應用於測試方法的 <a href="http://junit.org/junit4/javadoc/4.12/org/junit/rules/MethodRule.html"><em>MethodRule</em></a>。 Spring上下文將在@Before和@BeforeClass之前構建,並在之後銷燬。
假設我們有一個需要在 Bean 中注入的屬性:
<util:properties id="props">
<prop key="adder">4</prop>
</util:properties>現在讓我們添加 SpringIntegrationMethodRule 以啓用測試中的值注入:
@RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:adder-beans.xml")
public class AdderMethodRuleIntegrationTest {
@Rule
public SpringIntegrationMethodRule springMethodIntegration
= new SpringIntegrationMethodRule();
@Steps
private AdderSteps adderSteps;
@Value("#{props['adder']}")
private int adder;
@Test
public void givenNumber_whenAdd_thenSummedUp() {
adderSteps.givenNumber();
adderSteps.whenAdd(adder);
adderSteps.thenSummedUp();
}
}它還支持方法級別的註解,即 spring test。如果某些測試方法污染了測試上下文,我們可以對其應用 @DirtiesContext:
@RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AdderService.class)
public class AdderMethodDirtiesContextIntegrationTest {
@Steps private AdderServiceSteps adderServiceSteps;
@Rule public SpringIntegrationMethodRule springIntegration = new SpringIntegrationMethodRule();
@DirtiesContext
@Test
public void _0_givenNumber_whenAddAndAccumulate_thenSummedUp() {
adderServiceSteps.givenBaseAndAdder(randomInt(), randomInt());
adderServiceSteps.whenAccumulate();
adderServiceSteps.summedUp();
adderServiceSteps.whenAdd();
adderServiceSteps.sumWrong();
}
@Test
public void _1_givenNumber_whenAdd_thenSumWrong() {
adderServiceSteps.whenAdd();
adderServiceSteps.sumWrong();
}
}在上面的示例中,當我們調用 <em>adderServiceSteps.whenAccumulate()</em> 時,@Service 註解中注入到 adderServiceSteps 中的 base number 字段將被修改:
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AdderService.class)
public class AdderServiceSteps {
@Autowired
private AdderService adderService;
private int givenNumber;
private int base;
private int sum;
public void givenBaseAndAdder(int base, int adder) {
this.base = base;
adderService.baseNum(base);
this.givenNumber = adder;
}
public void whenAdd() {
sum = adderService.add(givenNumber);
}
public void summedUp() {
assertEquals(base + givenNumber, sum);
}
public void sumWrong() {
assertNotEquals(base + givenNumber, sum);
}
public void whenAccumulate() {
sum = adderService.accumulate(givenNumber);
}
}具體而言,我們將和數相加賦值給基數:
@Service
public class AdderService {
private int num;
public void baseNum(int base) {
this.num = base;
}
public int currentBase() {
return num;
}
public int add(int adder) {
return this.num + adder;
}
public int accumulate(int adder) {
return this.num += adder;
}
}在第一個測試用例 _0_givenNumber_whenAddAndAccumulate_thenSummedUp 中,改變了基數,導致上下文變得髒污。當我們嘗試添加另一個數字時,我們不會得到預期的和。
請注意,即使我們用 @DirtiesContext 標記了第一個測試用例,第二個測試用例仍然受到影響:添加後,和仍然錯誤。原因是什麼?
現在,在處理方法級別的 @DirtiesContext 時,Serenity 的 Spring 集成僅為當前測試實例重建測試上下文。在 @Steps 中的底層依賴上下文不會被重建。
為了解決這個問題,我們可以將 @Service 注入到我們當前的測試實例中,並將服務作為 @Steps 的顯式依賴:
@RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AdderService.class)
public class AdderMethodDirtiesContextDependencyWorkaroundIntegrationTest {
private AdderConstructorDependencySteps adderSteps;
@Autowired private AdderService adderService;
@Before
public void init() {
adderSteps = new AdderConstructorDependencySteps(adderService);
}
//...
}public class AdderConstructorDependencySteps {
private AdderService adderService;
public AdderConstructorDependencySteps(AdderService adderService) {
this.adderService = adderService;
}
// ...
}我們也可以將條件初始化步驟放在 @Before 方法中,以避免使用髒上下文。但是,這種解決方案在某些複雜情況下可能不可用。
@RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AdderService.class)
public class AdderMethodDirtiesContextInitWorkaroundIntegrationTest {
@Steps private AdderServiceSteps adderServiceSteps;
@Before
public void init() {
adderServiceSteps.givenBaseAndAdder(randomInt(), randomInt());
}
//...
}3.2. <em>SpringIntegrationClassRule</em>
為了啓用類級別的註解,我們應該使用 <em>SpringIntegrationClassRule</em>。 如下所示的測試類會污染上下文:
@RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AdderService.class)
public static abstract class Base {
@Steps AdderServiceSteps adderServiceSteps;
@ClassRule public static SpringIntegrationClassRule springIntegrationClassRule = new SpringIntegrationClassRule();
void whenAccumulate_thenSummedUp() {
adderServiceSteps.whenAccumulate();
adderServiceSteps.summedUp();
}
void whenAdd_thenSumWrong() {
adderServiceSteps.whenAdd();
adderServiceSteps.sumWrong();
}
void whenAdd_thenSummedUp() {
adderServiceSteps.whenAdd();
adderServiceSteps.summedUp();
}
}@DirtiesContext(classMode = AFTER_CLASS)
public static class DirtiesContextIntegrationTest extends Base {
@Test
public void givenNumber_whenAdd_thenSumWrong() {
super.whenAdd_thenSummedUp();
adderServiceSteps.givenBaseAndAdder(randomInt(), randomInt());
super.whenAccumulate_thenSummedUp();
super.whenAdd_thenSumWrong();
}
}@DirtiesContext(classMode = AFTER_CLASS)
public static class AnotherDirtiesContextIntegrationTest extends Base {
@Test
public void givenNumber_whenAdd_thenSumWrong() {
super.whenAdd_thenSummedUp();
adderServiceSteps.givenBaseAndAdder(randomInt(), randomInt());
super.whenAccumulate_thenSummedUp();
super.whenAdd_thenSumWrong();
}
}在此示例中,所有隱式注入都會針對類級別 @DirtiesContext 進行重建。
3.3. SpringIntegrationSerenityRunner
存在一個便捷的類 SpringIntegrationSerenityRunner,它會自動添加上述所有集成規則。我們可以使用這個運行器來運行上述測試,從而避免在測試中指定測試規則的方法或類:
@RunWith(SpringIntegrationSerenityRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:adder-beans.xml")
public class AdderSpringSerenityRunnerIntegrationTest {
@Steps private AdderSteps adderSteps;
@Value("#{props['adder']}") private int adder;
@Test
public void givenNumber_whenAdd_thenSummedUp() {
adderSteps.givenNumber();
adderSteps.whenAdd(adder);
adderSteps.thenSummedUp();
}
}4. SpringMVC 集成
在僅需使用 Serenity 測試 SpringMVC 組件的情況下,我們可以直接利用 RestAssuredMockMvc 在 RestAssured 中,而不是使用 serenity-spring 集成。
4.1. Maven 依賴
我們需要將 io.rest-assured/spring-mock-mvc 依賴添加到 `pom.xml</em/> 中:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-mock-mvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>4.2. RestAssuredMockMvc 在 Action
現在,我們來測試下面的控制器:
@RequestMapping(value = "/adder", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
@RestController
public class PlainAdderController {
private final int currentNumber = RandomUtils.nextInt();
@GetMapping("/current")
public int currentNum() {
return currentNumber;
}
@PostMapping
public int add(@RequestParam int num) {
return currentNumber + num;
}
}我們可以利用 RestAssuredMockMvc 的 MVC 模擬實用工具,例如如下所示:
@RunWith(SerenityRunner.class)
public class AdderMockMvcIntegrationTest {
@Before
public void init() {
RestAssuredMockMvc.standaloneSetup(new PlainAdderController());
}
@Steps AdderRestSteps steps;
@Test
public void givenNumber_whenAdd_thenSummedUp() throws Exception {
steps.givenCurrentNumber();
steps.whenAddNumber(randomInt());
steps.thenSummedUp();
}
}然後其餘部分與我們使用 rest-assured 的方式相同:
public class AdderRestSteps {
private MockMvcResponse mockMvcResponse;
private int currentNum;
@Step("get the current number")
public void givenCurrentNumber() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
currentNum = Integer.valueOf(given()
.when()
.get("/adder/current")
.mvcResult()
.getResponse()
.getContentAsString());
}
@Step("adding {0}")
public void whenAddNumber(int num) {
mockMvcResponse = given()
.queryParam("num", num)
.when()
.post("/adder");
currentNum += num;
}
@Step("got the sum")
public void thenSummedUp() {
mockMvcResponse
.then()
.statusCode(200)
.body(equalTo(currentNum + ""));
}
}5. Serenity, JBehave, 和 Spring
Serenity 的 Spring 集成支持與 JBehave 完美協同工作。 讓我們以 JBehave 故事的形式編寫測試場景:
Scenario: A user can submit a number to adder and get the sum
Given a number
When I submit another number 5 to adder
Then I get a sum of the numbers我們可以通過在 @Service 中實現邏輯,並通過 API 暴露操作來實現:
@RequestMapping(value = "/adder", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
@RestController
public class AdderController {
private AdderService adderService;
public AdderController(AdderService adderService) {
this.adderService = adderService;
}
@GetMapping("/current")
public int currentNum() {
return adderService.currentBase();
}
@PostMapping
public int add(@RequestParam int num) {
return adderService.add(num);
}
}現在我們可以藉助 RestAssuredMockMvc 構建 Serenity-JBehave 測試,如下所示:
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {
AdderController.class, AdderService.class })
public class AdderIntegrationTest extends SerenityStory {
@Autowired private AdderService adderService;
@BeforeStory
public void init() {
RestAssuredMockMvc.standaloneSetup(new AdderController(adderService));
}
}public class AdderStory {
@Steps AdderRestSteps restSteps;
@Given("a number")
public void givenANumber() throws Exception{
restSteps.givenCurrentNumber();
}
@When("I submit another number $num to adder")
public void whenISubmitToAdderWithNumber(int num){
restSteps.whenAddNumber(num);
}
@Then("I get a sum of the numbers")
public void thenIGetTheSum(){
restSteps.thenSummedUp();
}
}我們只能使用 @ContextConfiguration 來標記 SerenityStory,然後 Spring 注入會自動啓用。這與 @ContextConfiguration 在 @Steps 上的使用方式完全相同。
6. 總結
本文介紹瞭如何將 Serenity BDD 與 Spring 集成。雖然集成尚未完全完善,但正在不斷改進中。